London - Coal Hole Covers

This is my street in London, Cornwall Gardens. It's comprised of two opposite rows of white stucco townhouses with a garden in the centre (see survey map below).

Originally farmland, the property was purchased in 1803 by Thomas Broadwood, a London musical instrument manufacturer. In 1844 he passed the property to his son, also Thomas, and plans began for its development.

Construction began in 1863 and continued until 1876, with the north side (shown in the photo to the right) completed in 1871.

Note the cast-iron "plate" embedded in the pavement. It once provided access to a vault beneath the sidewalk.

Now-a-days the vaults are mostly used for temporary storage of rubbish, but they were originally used to store coal for home heating. The cast-iron covers could be removed, allowing coal to be delivered into the vault from above.

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In the 1800's there would have been a cast-iron coal-hole cover in front of every residence. A few of the covers still remain, but many were removed after the introduction of the "Clean Air Act" of 1956 which forced the replacement of coal fuel with gas and electricity.

I took most of the photos below in Cornwall Gardens, but some of them are from nearby Lexham Gardens and Gloucester Road. The covers are typically 12" in diameter, about the size of a dinner plate.

For a more extensive exploration of coal-hole covers, visit these sites:

https://annekernan.com/coalhole.html
http://faded-london.blogspot.com/2008/12/hayward-brothers-of-borough-potted.html
https://londonist.com/london/secret/the-infinite-beauty-of-london-s-coal-hole-covers